Kodak D-76
A decades-proven standard for smooth, even midtones.
About this developer
D-76 is the most recognizable black-and-white developer in history: a metol/hydroquinone combination that gives smooth tonal transitions and predictable results. Sold as a ready-mix powder (Kodak D-76, or the identical Ilford ID-11) — most beginners find it easier to buy the packet than mix from raw chemicals.
How to use it
- 1Dissolve the D-76 powder in ~50°C water and bring the volume to 1 liter.
- 2Let it settle and cool to 20°C.
- 3Dilute 1:1 with water for the working solution (or use it neat for a softer result).
- 4Pour into the tank and develop at 20°C.
- 5Agitation: continuous for the first 30 sec, then 5–10 sec every minute.
- 6Pour out, rinse, fix the film, and do a final wash.
Development times by film
| Film | Dilution | Time @ 20°C |
|---|---|---|
| Kodak Tri-X 400 | stock | 6¾ min |
| Kodak Tri-X 400 | 1:1 | 10 min |
| Ilford HP5+ 400 | 1:1 | ≈10–11 min |
| Kodak Tmax 100/400 | 1:1 | ≈9–10 min |
Times are starting points. Your first roll will tell you whether to adjust for your gear and agitation style.
Classic formula (for reference)
2 g
Metol
100 g
Sodium sulfite
5 g
Hydroquinone
2 g
Borax
to 1 L
Water
Most photographers buy the ready-made powder rather than mixing D-76 from raw chemicals — the formula is shown here just for understanding.