Standard Developer No. 2 (ST-2)

About the Developer

ST-2 is a standard, time-tested developer formula for photographic film, used as a benchmark for comparing other developers. It has smoothing properties, produces a fine grain, and provides nominal sensitivity at medium contrast. It is known abroad as ORWO-12.

Character

A standard, fine-grain equalizing developer for domestic photographic films; a benchmark for comparison with other developers. It provides the rated light sensitivity at medium contrast.

Best films

The source does not provide specific data on modern films; historically, it was designed for domestic (Soviet) photographic films as a standard all-purpose developer.

How to Prepare and Use

1. 1Pour 500–600 ml of distilled water at 45–50°C into a container marked at 1 liter.
2. 2Dissolve the contents of the large bag in it: Trilon B, sodium sulfite, sodium carbonate, and potassium bromide—until all crystals and lumps are completely dissolved.
3. 3In a separate container, dissolve 50–70 mL of the solution from the first container in 200–250 mL of water at 45–50°C, then add and dissolve the contents of the second (small) packet.
4. 4Immediately combine the two solutions and let them cool to 20°C.
5. 5Add distilled water until the level reaches the 1-liter mark.
6. 6Let the solution settle for 2–3 hours, then filter it through cotton wool.